Fluid resuscitation is the process of replacing body fluids, when the patient is in critical condition and loses too much fluid, both in the form of water and blood. The process of fluid resuscitation is done by placing intravenous fluids.
The body needs fluids to function properly. Excessive fluid loss, in a state of dehydration or bleeding, can interfere with various processes in the body. In later stages, this condition can cause shock and organ failure. Fluid resuscitation is needed to restore bodily functions and prevent worsening of the patient's condition.
When is fluid resuscitation needed?
Fluid resuscitation is given if hypovolemia is found, ie lack of blood volume or fluid in a blood vessel. Some of the signs are low blood pressure, rapid pulse and breathing, and body temperature rising or falling.
Circumstances that can cause this hypovolemia condition include bleeding, diarrhea or vomiting which causes dehydration, sepsis, and burns.
Types of resuscitation fluids
There are two types of resuscitation fluid that can be given, namely crystalloid fluid and colloid fluid.
Crystalloid
This liquid is the liquid most often used as a resuscitation fluid, because it has small molecules, is easy to use, is cheaper and quickly replaces the lost liquid.
Even so, because it is more easily absorbed by the body, giving too much crystalloid can cause edema or swelling due to accumulation of fluid in body tissues. Commonly used crystalloid fluids are normal saline (NS) and ringer lactate (RL).
Colloid
Colloid liquid contains substances with heavier molecules, such as albumin and gelatin. Colloid fluid will last longer in the blood vessels.
Colloids can be used as fluid resuscitation in patients who experience severe fluid deficiency, such as hypovolemic shock and heavy bleeding. But if it is used inappropriately, colloids can trigger allergic reactions, blood clotting disorders, and kidney failure.
The choice, type, and duration of administration of resuscitation fluid depends on the patient's condition and the availability of this fluid in the treatment facility.
Fluid resuscitation should be given to patients who have lost fluid and are in an emergency condition. Providing fluid resuscitation requires supervision from a doctor, so follow the advice given by the doctor
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